The ecosystem service approach port

The ecosystem service approach portrays natural ecosystems as
stocks of natural capital that provide flows of benefits for human wellbeing
(Costanza and Daly, 1992). Such benefits span from tangible
goods like wood, clean water, or agricultural products to non-material
benefits like landscapes’ aesthetic features, climate regulation, and
maintenance of soil fertility (Daily, 1997; de Groot et al., 2002; Kumar,
2010; MA, 2003). Besides natural ecosystems (e.g. unconverted forests
and wetlands), converted ecosystems (e.g. pastures and croplands)
can also play a critical role in the delivery of global ecosystem services
(Bjorklund et al., 1999; Porter, 2003). Furthermore, since converted
ecosystems account for 24% to 38% of the Earth's land area (Swinton
et al., 2007), it is not surprising that international initiatives endorsing
the ecosystem service approach, such as the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment (MA) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
(TEEB), recognize cultivated farmlands, or agroecosystems, as a distinct
kind of service-providing ecosystem (Kumar, 2010; MA, 2003; Power,
2010).

Keputusan (Bahasa Melayu) 1:

Pendekatan perkhidmatan ekosistem yang menggambarkan ekosistem semulajadi sebagaistok modal semulajadi yang memberikan aliran manfaat untuk kesejahteraan manusia(Costanza dan Daly, 1992). Apa-apa manfaat rentang dari ketarabarang-barang seperti kayu, air bersih, atau produk-produk pertanian-bahanfaedah-faedah seperti landskap estetik ciri, peraturan iklim, danpenyelenggaraan kesuburan tanah (harian, 1997; de Groot et al., 2002; Kumar,2010; MA, 2003). Selain daripada ekosistem semulajadi (contohnya tidak ditukarkan telah lupus hutandan tanah bencah), ditukar ekosistem (contoh: pastures dan croplands)juga boleh memainkan peranan penting dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan ekosistem global(Bjorklund et al., 1999; Porter, 2003). Tambahan pula, sejak ditukarekosistem akaun bagi 24% kepada 38% daripada keluasan tanah di bumi (Swintonet al., 2007), ia tidak menghairankan bahawa inisiatif-inisiatif antarabangsa yang ditawarkanpendekatan perkhidmatan ekosistem, seperti ekosistem MileniumPenilaian (MA) dan ekonomi ekosistem dan biodiversiti(TEEB), mengiktiraf ditanam bertaburan, atau agroecosystems, sebagai satu daripadaJenis Perkhidmatan menyediakan ekosistem (Kumar, 2010; MA, 2003; Kuasa,2010).